Abstract Detail

Physiological Section

Van Katwijk, Marieke M. [1], Thorhaug, Anitra [2], Marba, Nuria [3], Giesen, Wim [4], Pickrell, Chris [5], Althuizen, Inge  [6], Balestri, Elizabeth [7], Bernard, Guillaume [8], Cambridge, Marion [9], Cunha, Alexandra [10], Duarte, Carlos [11], Durance, Cynthia [12], Han, Q.Y. [13], Hosokawa, Shinya  [14], Kendrick , Gary [15], Kiswara, wawan [16], Komatsu, Teruhisa [17], Lardicci, Claudio [18], Lee, Kun-Seop  [19], MEINESZ, Alexandre [20], Nakaoka, Masahiro  [21], Paling, Erik. [22], Ransijn, Aryan [23], Verduin, Jennifer [24], Orth, Robert J. [25].

Global Review of Seagrass Restoration Factors.

Although seagrasses  (72 species from a variety of families of vascular plants readapted to marine conditions) have very large domains, the total global extent of segrasses has been degraded by 51,000 km² since the turn of the 1900's (Waycott et al, 2011). Marine and estuarine policies to conserve and mitigate have been in place for 35 years but have not stemmed the tide of seagrass degradation. Our review indicates restoration 12.8 km² of seagrass which has expanded to  potentially 316 restored km2 (van Katwijk et al resubmitted) of the remaining 171,000 km²  of seagrass population globally which Waycott et al (2011) find degrading at 7% per year. The restored seagrass comprises a very small amount of the degraded seagrass over this period. Thus, the joint policies of conservation and mitigation for losses are not sustaining seagrasses globally. To evaluate the pathway to  producing a greater amount of seagrass restoration , we reviewed 1786 restoration trials from 17 nations on 5 continents and 215 investigations globally to assess critical factors. Our analytical results will be discussed. 26 species were utilized with about 50% of efforts being Zostera marina and less than 10% each for Posidonia sp.,  Halodule wrightii and Thalassia testudinum. Both dominant or pioneer species can be planted directly with success. Seeds, plugs (including roots), sprigs were chiefly utilized. Plugs and sprigs had generally similar success rates.  Environmental factors of critical importance included depth, indicating intertidal far less successful with locally critical maximum depths for success, season, and other factors. The majority of monitoring efforts generally stopped within a few years,  This was insufficient to document the concept of sustainability of restored seagrass meadows, although those monitored for long periods showed sustainability up to 30 to 40 years and continuing. The details of the comparisons among ocean basins, climatic zones, species, planting techniques, and environmental factors will be treated.

Related Links:
http://gceef.org/restoration

1 - Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, , Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Heyendaalseweg 135, , Nijmegen, , 6525 AJ , Netherlands
2 - Yale University, School of Forestry and environmental studies, 370 Prospect St , New Haven, ct, 06511, usa
3 - . IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats, , , Department of Global Change Research, C/ Miguel Marqués 21, Esporles (, Mallorca), , 07190 , Spain
4 - Euroconsult Mott MacDonald,, , P.O. Box 441, Arnhem, , 6800 AK , The Netherlands
5 - Cornell University, , Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County, Marine Program, 423 Griffing Avenue, Suite 100, Riverhead, NY, 11901, , USA
6 - Radboud University Nijmegen, , , Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, , Heyendaalseweg 135, , Nijmegen, , 6525 AJ , Netherlands
7 - Pisa University, , , Dipartimento di Biologia, Via Derna 1, Pisa,, 56126, , Italy
8 - GIPREB (Gestion Intégrée pour la Prospective et la Réhabilitation de , Cours Mirabeau, Berre-l’Étang, France
9 - University of Western Australia, , The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, 35 Stirling Highway, , Crawley, 6009, , Australia
10 - Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, , Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR),, Edificio 7, , Faro, , 8005-139 , Portugal
11 - IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats, , , Department of Global Change Research., C/ Miguel Marqués 21, Esporles (, Mallorca), , 07190 , Spain
12 - Precision Identification, , 3622 West 3rd Avenue , Vancouver,, B.C. , V6R 1L9, , Canada
13 - Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), , Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, , Yantai , Shandong, 264003,, P.R. China
14 - Port and Airport Research Institute, , , Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Research Group, , Nagase, , Yokosuka,, Kanagawa, 239-0826, Japan
15 - University of Western Australia, , The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology,, 35 Stirling Highway, , Crawley , 6009, , Australia
16 - , Indonesian Institute of Sciences, , Research Centre for Oceanography, Jl. Pasir Putih No. 1,, Ancol Timur , 14430 , Jakarta Utara,, Indonesia
17 - University of Tokyo, , Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha,, Kashiwa , 277-8564, , Japan
18 - Pisa University, , Dipartimento di Biologia,, Via Derna 1, , Pisa, , 56126, , Italy
19 - Pusan National University, , Department of Biological Sciences,, Pusan , 609-735,, Republic of Korea
20 - University Nice Sophia Antipolis,,, Ea Ecomers 4228, Nice 2, F-06108 , France
21 - Hokkaido University, Akkeshi, , Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere,, Hokkaido , , 088-1113, Japan
22 - Sinclair Knight Merz, Durack Centre, , 263 Adelaide Terrace, , Perth WA , 6000, , Australia
23 - Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, , Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, , Heyendaalseweg 135, , Nijmegen, , 6525 AJ, Netherlands
24 - Murdoch University, , School of Environmental Science, , South Street Murdoch,, Perth, , 6150, Australia
25 - College of William and Mary,, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, , 1208 Greate Road,, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA

Keywords:
seagrass restoration
seagrass
estuarine restoration
Zostera marina
Thalassia testudinum
Halodule wrightii
Posidonia
degradation seagrass
seagrass conservation policy
seagrass stweardship.

Presentation Type: Oral Paper:Papers for Sections
Session: 42
Location: Pines South/Boise Centre
Date: Wednesday, July 30th, 2014
Time: 1:45 PM
Number: 42002
Abstract ID:580
Candidate for Awards:None