Abstract Detail

Pteridological Section/AFS

Stamey, Mackenzie [1], Metzgar, Jordan [1], Ickert-Bond, Stefanie [2].

Autoplolyploid origin of the octoploid Turkish parsley fern (Cryptogramma bithynica): Insights from chloroplast and nuclear markers.

Polyploidy is a common phenomenon in plants, with autopolyploids originating from genome complements of two different species, and allopolyploids resulting from genome doubling within a single species.  Speciation via polyploidy is one of the main modes of sympatric speciation in plants. Ferns are well known for having a high degree of polyploidy.  A new octoploid species of parsley fern was discovered in Turkey last year (Cryptogramma bithynica), although its origins were unknown. Cryptogramma is a member of the Pteridaceae family and consists of nine species found across the Northern Hemisphere in boreal habitats and southern South America, with C. bithynica found only in the mountains of northwestern Turkey. It often grows near populations of the tetraploid C. crispa, and its morphology is very similar to C. crispa, although C. bithynica differs from C. crispa in overall smaller plant size and minor differences in the shape of the sterile leaves. Larger spores and the octoploid chromosome count distinguish C. bithynica from C. crispa.  For this study, samples from across Cryptogramma are included in our data set, with one sample of C. bithynica. We used DNA sequence data from six chloroplast genes (rbcL, rbcL-accD, rbcL-atpB, rps4-trnS, trnG-trnR and trnP-petG) and analyzed it using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference to determine the maternal relationship. Analysis of the plastid loci showed that C. crispa is the maternal parent of C. bithynica.  We then used DNA sequence data from the nuclear gapCp gene to determine whether C. bithynica had an allo- or autopolyploid origin. Analysis of the gapCp sequences retrieved all C. bithynica alleles in a single monophyletic clade.  The plastid and nuclear sequence data show that C. bithynica is an autopolyploid formed by C. crispa.  Sequence data also showed geographic structure, with a distinct clade of C. bithynica and C. crispa from the Caucuses Mountains.  These results suggest that a complex glacial history may have created conditions favorable for the formation of the octoploid C. bithynica.

1 - University Of Alaska Fairbanks, Museum Of The North, 907 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
2 - University Of Alaska Museum Of The North, Herbarium (ALA) And Dept. Of Biology And Wildlife, University Of Alaska Fairbanks, 907 Yukon Dr., Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA

Keywords:
Cryptogramma
Pteridaceae
polyploidy
gapCp
Turkey.

Presentation Type: Poster:Posters for Sections
Session: P
Location: Eyrie/Boise Centre
Date: Monday, July 28th, 2014
Time: 5:30 PM
Number: PPD004
Abstract ID:343
Candidate for Awards:None